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Gain axis

This is the axis we spent the most effort on, and the one where we refuted ourselves the most. The headline was "AI reviewers lose to majority vote"; the conclusion is "executable acceptance gate + resampling works; the revision loop's extra gain is Same sign, unresolved."

This page cites 7 verdicts: Held 2 · Refuted 1 · Overstated 1 · No discernible difference 1 · Same sign, unresolved 2click one to jump to its claim card

#What this axis answers

Given that requirements can already be compiled into executable acceptance tests: how much gain do the acceptance gate, resampling, and failure-feedback revision each bring to the delivery success rate, and at what token cost.

Gain axis: verdicts of 22 claims

Held10/22Refuted4/22Overstated2/22No discernible difference5/22Same sign, unresolved1/22

Gain axis · loop: verdicts of 17 claims

Held6/17Refuted7/17Same sign, unresolved4/17

#The start: the committee design lost

#The early G series (exploratory)

Equal-budget comparison (same tasks, same number of calls):

ComparisonnResultp
ON vs OFF5 (371 tasks)34782.42% vs 83.57%0.5572
OFF5 vs OFF (not equal budget)34983.09% vs 78.51%0.0090

Key finding: the OFF5 arm has accepted = True hard-coded — it has no path to refuse. So the comparison above is really "an arm with a free gate" against "an arm that is forbidden to refuse."

#R437, the decisive three-arm run

Three criteria set in advance (frozen 2026-08-24/28):

CriterionVerdict
① OFF failure rate falls within 20–60%✓ 26.44% (Wilson [20.4, 33.4]) — the gauge has signal
② The three arms differ discerniblyNot measurable (that is itself the answer)
③ ON beats OFF5 at equal budget✓ The answer is no

#R438 mechanism analysis (Held)

MetricValue
Reviewer vote accuracy0.7552
"Pass everything" zero-intelligence baseline0.7522
Gap+0.29 pp
Single-round revision "had no chance to fix"93 / 113
Hidden pass rate after blindly adopting the revision82.3% → 78.8% (−3.5 pp)
Real improvements from revision1 / 113

Why the reviewer layer is almost a constant function

#Both hypotheses were ruled out

On 2026-09-01 the human proposed two explanations; both were ruled out by our own experiments.

#H-A ceiling: the worker is too strong

We switched to a single 12B model (gemma-4-12b, 179 tasks). An independent audit recomputed it row by row and matched R516 exactly (rows.jsonl 525 lines sha 440d973c, calls 1,986 sha 3d24b73d).

ArmnPassedFailure rate
OFF17912231.8% (Wilson [25.5, 39.0])
ON167 (+12 void = 6.7%)12226.9%
OFF517913226.3%

ON vs OFF5: n=167, b=11, c=12, p = 1.0000. The reviewer's grounded lift is +4.19 pp, 95% [0.00, +8.58].

Making the worker weaker did raise the failure rate (25.5% → 31.8%), but the gain still did not appear.

#H-B hard tasks: the task bank is too easy

We switched to date-stamped contest problems (LiveCodeBench v1, 91 medium+hard tasks, gemma-only).

ArmnPassedFailure rateDeliveredLeaksCalls per task
OFF914748.4% [38.4, 58.5]91441.00
ON87 (4 void)5833.3%69 (79.3% coverage)115.09
OFF5915638.5%91355.00

ON vs OFF5: n=87, b=15, c=10, p = 0.4244. The task bank really is harder (16.6 pp higher than MBPP+'s 31.8%), but the gain still did not appear.

Three clean runs, two model families, two task banks, two difficulty levels, one consistent answer: at equal budget, this mechanism cannot beat self-consistency.}}

Two explanations ruled out first, so the mechanism had somewhere to change

#Incidentally: the leak rate is the gate's steadiest benefit

ArmAccepted but actually failed (leaks)
OFF44
OFF535
ON11

The harder the task, the more refusal is worth. This is the earliest mechanism conclusion on the whole axis to hold.

#The turn: R440P, execution replaces opinion

2026-09-03. We deleted the reviewer committee and switched to running the customer's own acceptance tests. Zero-API offline replay: we recomputed the saved five-candidate data.

g_r441 (gemma-12b)g_r356 (qwen35b + gemma12b pool)
Candidates895 (179×5)735 (147×5)
Early-stop pass rate78.21%, 1.34 calls82.99%, 1.13 calls
OFF5 actually shipped73.74%, 5.00 calls77.55%, 5.00 calls
Difference+4.47 pp, b=13 c=5, p=0.0963+5.44 pp, b=11 c=3, p=0.0574
Candidate-pool ceiling82.68% (31 tasks with all five wrong)85.03% (22 tasks all wrong)
Early stop vs single draw+7.82 pp, b=14 c=0, p=0.0001+6.80 pp, b=10 c=0, p=0.0020

#Two self-audits

  • R440P's own audit caught its own mistake: the first version of the "equal budget" rule took a majority vote on the hidden tests — a violation of V/GT separation, and not a shippable mechanism. It was changed to look only at the visible tests.
  • R440U gate cost (Held): ON is the only arm that can stop a delivery at the gate (coverage 0.829 vs 1.0 for the others). Middle segment, n=77: 14 stopped at the gate, number of correct answers thrown away a = 0. The criterion set in advance was a ≤ 2 → closed.

Every number and verdict on the gate line

#R445: convergence across three task banks

Task banknΔp / CICalls per task
MBPP+ (pooled)371+4.58 pp[+0.57, +8.04]1.51
LCB v2120+19.17 ppb=31 c=8, p=0.00031.71
LCB v3189+7.94 ppb=25 c=10, p=0.01671.55

A post-hoc audit of the tasks where delivery was refused: the five drafts were wrong every time — r447 7/7, r449b 8/8, r449c 10/10, r461 15/15. What the gate refuses is not bad luck.

The harder the task, the more early stopping is worth

#EQ5: the same candidates, gate vs vote

conformance-gate

#R460: six arms, four states fixed in advance

2026-09-07 to 09-11. LCB v2, 120 tasks, 6 blocks × 20. gemma-4-12b-it-qat Q4_0, temperature 0.7, six personas, LM Studio 0.4.17, reasoning tokens all 0.

ArmSuccessesRate
OFF70/12058.33%
CONFORM85/12070.83%
OFF578/12065.00%
H-PI91/12075.83%
H-OC96/12080.00%
H-MIX101/12084.17%

H-MIX − CONFORM: b=22, c=6, +13.33 pp, conditional interval [4.22, 19.46], Holm p = .0112 → labeled EFFECTIVE.

#R460R: five replications, and the headline claim loses to its own rule

This is the most important page of the whole project. For the detailed breakdown see five-replications; here are only the conclusions:

H-MIX − CONFORM across the five runs+5.83 / +4.17 / +0.83 / +2.50 / +4.31 pp
Holm p across the five runs.6301 / .9165 / 1.0000 / .6776 / .9224
Runs that passed Holm0 / 5
StatusINCONCLUSIVE / INCONCLUSIVE / RULED_OUT / INCONCLUSIVE / INCONCLUSIVE
The five uncorrected intervalsAll intersect R460's [+4.22, 19.46]
The five upper boundsAll below +13.33

Forbidden wording: "the replication is stable," "the replication failed," "the effect disappeared," "equivalent," "a tie," "the loop is useless." No pooling n, no averaging, no picking one run to report.

#But two claims hold on the same data

DifferenceStatistics
Three H arms vs OFFAll 15/15 cells pass their own HolmDifference range +17.5 ~ +29.2 pp
CONFORM − OFF+14.17 / +18.33 / +17.50 / +19.17 / +18.97 ppFalls outside every preregistered family

The bulk of the gain is "executable acceptance gate + resampling"; the feedback loop is only a small increment stacked on top of it.

#Exploratory: voting loses to the gate, and costs more than twice as much

ReplicationOFF5 − CONFORMUncorrected p
r1−10.83 pp0.019
r2−10.83 pp—
r3−15.83 pp—
r4−4.17 pp—
r5−1.74 pp—

3/5 have uncorrected p < .05 — and the two that are not significant are exactly r4 and r5, the two runs with zero backend coexistence. This one is in no preregistered family; its status is "Same sign, unresolved."

#R529: four sets across task banks

Task-bank setnOFFCONFORMH-MIXH−C b/cC−O b/c
LCB v3 medium1351151251266/514/4
LCB v3 hard543841435/33/0
HumanEval+1561291471485/421/3
MBPP+37127729529915/1126/8
Pooled71655960861631/2364/15
ComparisonDifferenceStatistics
H-MIX − CONFORM+1.12 ppConditional interval [−1.02, 3.13], Holm p = .3409
H-MIX − OFF+7.96 ppHolm p = 2.02 × 10⁻⁸
CONFORM − OFF+6.84 ppOutside the family, uncorrected

8 predictions made in advance: 4 hit, 4 missed → INCONCLUSIVE. Heterogeneity χ² = 0.135, df = 3, p = .987 (descriptive only; smallest expected cell count < 5).

False delivery did not reproduce: 6 vs 9, 7 vs 11, 6 vs 6, 58 vs 56 (MBPP+).

#Cost: this is a success-rate gain, not a token-efficiency gain

R460 tokens per task / tokens per correct delivery:

ArmRatetokens/tasktokens/correct
OFF58.33%2,9134,994
CONFORM70.83%5,8058,195
OFF565.00%15,00423,084
H-PI75.83%9,44812,459
H-OC80.00%7,4329,290
H-MIX84.17%5,6776,745
  • H-MIX vs OFF: 2.23–2.78×/task, 1.65–2.11×/correct
  • H-MIX vs CONFORM: 0.92–1.56×/task (R460R), 1.07–1.69×/task (R529)
  • In four of the five replications, H-MIX cost more per correct delivery than CONFORM
  • OFF5 vs CONFORM: 2.16–2.85×/task, and a lower delivery rate every time

The token ledger, recomputed call by call

"The same ceiling" is not "the same actual cost."

#R532: switching to a stronger model

2026-09-17/18. qwen/qwen3.8-27b Q4_K_M, non-reasoning, 836 tasks, 43 blocks, 0 voided, 2,508 rows; V/GT fingerprint 199,019 items CLEAN; 86 receipt chains / 3,895 entries all verify.

H-MIX − CONFORM is negative in all five task-bank sets: −5.83 / −5.19 / −16.67 / −1.28 / −0.54. Pooled −3.23 pp, interval [−5.52, −0.75], Holm p = 0.0101 (b=38, c=65).

#Statistical power: why some questions can never be measured

Task bankΔStatistics
LCB v2+6.67 ppp = 0.15
LCB v3+1.59 pp95% CI [−3.17, +6.35], p = 0.6636
MBPP+ clean replication (192 tasks)+4.69 pp95% CI [−1.11, 9.42]

MDE 4.31 pp, but the task bank has only 378 tasks

#What this axis still owes

#Next

Last updated: · about 7 min read · this page cites 7 adjudicated claims

Shih Hsin UniversityDepartment of Information and Communications, Shih Hsin UniversityVacant

Department of Information and Communications, Shih Hsin University · 2026 capstone project · on-site exhibition